65.160 (Tobacco, tobacco products and related equi 标准查询与下载

ASTM E2187-04 卷烟点燃强度测量的标准试验方法

The most common initiating event in a fatal fire is the dropping of a cigarette onto a bed or piece of upholstered furniture, causing 20 % of the estimated U.S. fire deaths from 1992–1996 in residential structures, according to statistics provided by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Test Methods E 1352 and E 1353 have been developed to evaluate the susceptibility of upholstered furniture mock-ups and components to ignition by cigarettes. Federal Standard 16 CFR Part 1632, Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses and Mattress Pads, was promulgated to reduce the likelihood that mattresses and mattress pads would ignite from a lighted cigarette. This test method enables comparison of the relative ignition strength of different cigarette designs. In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to a set of laboratory conditions. If different conditions are substituted or the end use conditions are changed, it may not be possible, using this test, to predict quantitative changes in the fire test response characteristics measured. Therefore, the quantitative results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a standard measure of the capability of a cigarette, positioned on one of three standard substrates, to generate sufficient heat to continue burning and thus potentially cause ignition of bedding or upholstered furniture.1.2 This method has value as a predictor of the relative propensity of a cigarette to ignite upholstered furnishings.1.3 This method is applicable to cigarettes that burn along the length of a tobacco column.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes

ASTM E2187-02b 卷烟点燃强度测量的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a standard measure of the capability of a cigarette, positioned on one of three standard substrates, to generate sufficient heat to continue burning and thus potentially cause ignition of bedding or upholstered furniture.1.2 This method has value as a predictor of the relative propensity of a cigarette to ignite upholstered furnishings.1.3 This method is applicable to cigarettes that burn along the length of a tobacco column.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes

ASTM E2187-02 卷烟点燃强度测量的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a standard measure of the capability of a cigarette, positioned on one of three standard substrates, to generate sufficient heat to continue burning and thus potentially cause ignition of bedding or upholstered furniture.1.2 This method has value as a predictor of the relative propensity of a cigarette to ignite upholstered furnishings.1.3 This method is applicable to cigarettes that burn along the length of a tobacco column.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes

ASTM D5075-01(2007) 室内空气中烟碱和3-乙烯基吡啶的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the sampling/analysis of nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP) in indoor air. This test method is based upon the collection of nicotine and 3-EP by adsorption on a sorbent resin, extraction of nicotine and 3-EP from the sorbent resin, and determination by gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen selective detection. (1) 1.2 The active samplers consist of an XAD-4 sorbent tube attached to a sampling pump. This test method is applicable to personal or area sampling.1.3 This test method is limited in sample duration by the capacity of the XAD-4 tube for nicotine (about 300 g). This test method has been evaluated up to 24-h sample duration; however, samples are typically acquired for at least 1 h (sometimes only 1 h). (2)1.4 For this test method, limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for nicotine at a sampling rate of 1.5 L/min are, respectively, 0.11 g/m3 and 0.37 g/m3 for 1-h sample duration and 0.01 g/m3 and 0.05 g/m3 for 8-h sample duration. The LOD and LOQ for 3-EP at a sampling rate of 1.5 L/min are, respectively, 0.06 g/m3 and 0.19 g/m3 for 1-h sample duration and 0.01 g/m3 and 0.02 g/m3 for 8-h sample duration (2). Both LOD and LOQ can be reduced by increasing the sensitivity of the thermionic specific detector.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in 13.6.

Standard Test Method for Nicotine and 3-Ethenylpyridine in Indoor Air

ASTM D5075-01(2012)e1 室内空气中烟碱和3-乙烯基吡啶的标准试验方法

In order to estimate ETS concentrations, there needs to be a marker or tracer for ETS that is unique or highly specific to tobacco smoke, in sufficient concentrations in air to be measured easily at realistic smoking rates, and in constant proportion to the other components of ETS for a variety of tobacco blends and environmental conditions. Nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine have been used as tracers of the vapor phase of ETS. Nicotine is the major alkaloid of tobacco and a major constituent of ETS. The determination of nicotine concentration has often been used to estimate the concentration of ETS; however, due to its unpredictable decay kinetics, nicotine may not be an ideal tracer. Because nicotine readily adsorbs to building materials and room furnishings and is depleted from ETS at a rate faster than most other components, some have suggested that nicotine concentrations underestimate ETS concentrations. Although this is true in many environments during the generation of smoke, the converse is true in environments with a recent past history of smoking. The adsorbed nicotine slowly desorbs over time, resulting in an overestimation of ETS concentrations. Thus, measured concentrations of nicotine precisely assess only airborne nicotine and indicate only that smoking has taken place; they do not necessarily indicate the presence, and certainly not the concentrations, of other ETS constituents. 3-Ethenylpyridine, on the other hand, has been shown to track exactly the vapor phase of ETS as measured by CO and FID response (3). It is for these reasons that 3-ethenylpyridine may be a better tracer of ETS (1,4,5). The ETS at high concentrations is known to be annoying and irritating to individuals, and concerns over potential health effects have also been expressed. There is a definite need to have reliable methods for the estimation of ETS levels in order to evaluate its effect. The NIOSH has previously set a threshold limit value (TLV) for nicotine in the workplace of 0.5 mg/m3. Studies show that more than 90 % of nicotine in indoor air is found in the vapor phase (6,7). The described test method collects vapor-phase nicotine quantitatively. Early studies on freshly generated ETS indicated that some but not all of the particulate phase was trapped on the XAD-4 resin (7). A more recent investigation of the trapping of particulate materials by sorbent beds suggests that the trapping of the particles from indoor air may be nearly quantitative (8). 3-Ethenylpyridine is found exclusively in the vapor phase. Nicotine concentrations typically range from ND (not detected) to 70 μg/m3 in various indoor environments with values usually at the lower end of this range (9). Because such low concentrations of nicotine are often encountered, sophisticated analytical procedures and equipment are required for quantifying nicotine in indoor air. Other methods for the determination of nicotine in indoor air have also been reported (6,10,11,12). 3-Ethenylpyridine concentrations typically are about one third the concentrations of nicotine in real-world environments (13).1.1 This test method covers the sampling/analysis of nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP) in indoor air. This test method is based upon the collection of nicotine and 3-EP by adsorption on a sorbent resin, extraction of nicotine and 3-EP from the sorbent resin, and determination by gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen selective detection. (1) 1.2 The active samplers consist of an XAD-4 sorbent tube attached to a sampling pump. This test method is applicable to personal or area sampling. 1.3 This test method is ......

Standard Test Method for Nicotine and 3-Ethenylpyridine in Indoor Air

ASTM D5075-96e1 室内空气中烟碱和3-乙烯基吡啶的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the sampling/analysis of nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP) in indoor air. This test method is based upon the collection of nicotine and 3-EP by adsorption on a sorbent resin, extraction of nicotine and 3-EP from the sorbent resin, and determination by gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen selective detection. (1) 1.2 The active samplers consist of an XAD-4 sorbent tube attached to a sampling pump. This test method is applicable to personal or area sampling.1.3 This test method is limited in sample duration by the capacity of the XAD-4 tube for nicotine (about 300 g). This test method has been evaluated up to 24-h sample duration; however, samples are typically acquired for at least 1 h (sometimes only 1 h). (2)1.4 For this test method, limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for nicotine at a sampling rate of 1.5 L/min are, respectively, 0.11 g/m3 and 0.37 g/m3 for 1-h sample duration and 0.01 g/m3 and 0.05 g/m3 for 8-h sample duration. The LOD and LOQ for 3-EP at a sampling rate of 1.5 L/min are, respectively, 0.06 g/m3 and 0.19 g/m3 for 1-h sample duration and 0.01 g/m3 and 0.02 g/m 3 for 8-h sample duration (2). Both LOD and LOQ can be reduced by increasing the sensitivity of the thermionic specific detector. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in 13.6 .

Standard Test Method for Nicotine and 3-Ethenylpyridine in Indoor Air